Background Information

This Sudan conflict goes back to the attempted democratization of the country that followed the ousting of President Omar al-Bashir in 2019. The military coup in October 2021 sends the country into turmoil. This gives rise to conflict between General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan who is at the head of the SAF, and General Mohamed Hamdan “Hemedti” Dagalo, the commander of the RSF.

Key elements fueling the crisis include the following:

• Ethnic tensions in regions like Darfur.
• Resource competition exacerbated by weak governance.
• A lack of effective reconciliation and accountability mechanisms post-conflict.

The impact has been catastrophic: over 11.4 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), 3 million refugees, and critical famine conditions affecting millions in North Darfur and beyond.

Current Situation

As of February 2025, the fighting has intensified. Despite territorial gains by the SAF, including reclaiming areas of Khartoum, neither side shows signs of relenting. Key challenges include the following:

• Over 30.4 million people need urgent assistance, with famine threatening millions of people.
• Only 25% of health facilities remain operational, raising the risk of disease outbreaks.
• Both SAF and RSF have been accused of war crimes and other abuses.

Diplomatic efforts, led by the United States, Saudi Arabia, and the African Union (AU), have yet to yield significant progress.

Debate Highlights

Recent debates at MUNTAG 2025 revealed the global divide in addressing Sudan’s conflict.

Japan emphasized the need for peace and the sanctity of life, promoting a long-term solution that prioritizes civilians. France called for collective efforts to address regional stability and expressed sadness for the destabilization in Cameroon. Meanwhile, Guyana emphasized how Sudan’s crisis affects international security, urging international intervention and supporting a ceasefire proposal.

On the opposing side, the Russian Federation focused on Sudanese sovereignty, promoting constructive dialogue over external intervention. Algeria linked Sudan’s challenges to its own struggles with leadership changes, stressing the importance of respecting national governance systems. 

The delegate of Switzerland found themselves caught in a tangle when the delegate of Japan asked pointedly, “Does the delegate of Switzerland not agree that forcing democracy upon Sudan is a clear violation of its sovereignty?” The response? Stumbling and at a loss of words, the delegate of Switzerland simply delivered the line: “The delegate does not agree.” And that was it. No elaboration. No follow-up. Nothing.

Meanwhile, France decided to direct some fire toward Russia, posing the cutting question, “Does the delegate of Russia also not agree that this resolution doesn’t address the true issue of the crisis and only looks to benefit rich nations?” To everyone’s surprise, Russia said yes, in full agreement with France.
In what became an iconic moment, Japan inquired about Sudan’s apparent disregard for external assistance in specialized industries, asking, “To what extent does Sudan require steel workers, given claims that the nation does not need them?” Sudan’s delegate, clearly unimpressed by the question, delivered a fiery yet somewhat… colorful response: “It is so, almost idiotic, to think that Sudan personally does not have use for these workers. Yet these—these—these other countries (pointing to UK and US) that do not have more… aren’t war zones, don’t have injuries, don’t have people shooting each other all the time in their own country—you know, they somehow need it more than we do?”
The room was stunned. Was this a diplomatic takedown or an impromptu stand-up routine? Regardless, the point was made loud and clear: Sudan wasn’t here to entertain what it saw as unfounded criticism.
Moments like these prove that MUN conferences combine diplomacy, drama, and just a hint of sitcom energy.

Proposed Solutions

To resolve Sudan’s crisis, delegates proposed several measures such as below: 

1. Leverage regional bodies like the AU for peace talks and ceasefire negotiations.
2. Ensure aid delivery through neutral channels.
3. Support war crimes investigations to address human rights violations.
4. Launch stabilization programs to rebuild infrastructure and support displaced populations.
5. Foster interethnic dialogue to address deep-rooted tensions.

Highlights

“Sudan is in absolute chaos” – Mozambique during their opening speech

“In fact, the delegate of Japan agrees so hard, that they can throw a rock to the moon” – Japan, when asked a question by the Russian Federation

“The delegate of Sudan is very hurt by this accusation” – Sudan